Toward a clearer view into human prehistory

A Clearer View of a Dusty Sky

The theory of inflation hypothesizes that the Universe underwent a period of rapid expansion less than 10−32 seconds after its birth [1]. If inflation occurred, physicists believe it would have produced large-scale gravitational waves, imprinting a slight swirl-like polarization—known as B modes—on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the light generated when the Universe was 380,000 years ol...

A clearer view of effusive-constrictive pericarditis.

Toward a clearer definition of confounding.

Epidemiologists are aware that the estimated effect of an exposure can be biased if the investigator fails to adjust for confounding factors when analyzing either a prospective or retrospective etiologic study. Standard texts warn, however, that intervening factors are an exception: one should not adjust for any factor which is intermediate on the causal pathway between the exposure and the dis...

Adopting the Results of Everest II Into Practice: A Clearer View From a Higher Level Study.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), an oddity shown at fluorescein conferences 35 years ago, is now recognized as a common cause of neovascular maculopathy among thoseolder than50years.1 Its prevalencehasnot increased, but new imaging techniques have revealed its features and ophthalmicconsciousnesshasbeen raised.Randomizedclinical trials that compare treatments, rather than case series, a...

A Clearer View of TCE: Evidence Supports Autoimmune Link

Bisphenol A (BPA), an industrial chemical used in a variety of consumer products, is ubiquitous in the modern environment, with residues found in the urine of an estimated 93% of Americans over 6 years of age, according to data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Recent research indicates that BPA acts as an endocrine disruptor and may increase the risk...